The remains of the "first Europeans" discovered at an archaeological site in northern Spain have revealed that these prehistoric humans were cannibals who particularly liked the flesh of children.
"We know that they practiced cannibalism," Jose Maria Bermudez de Castro, one of the co-directors of the Atapuerca project, said.
A study of the remains revealed that they turned to cannibalism to feed themselves and not as part of a ritual.
They also ate their rivals after killing them, mostly children and adolescents.
"It is the first well-documented case of cannibalism in the history of humanity, which does not mean that it is the oldest," Mr de Castro said.
The remains discovered in the caves "appeared scattered, broken, fragmented, mixed with other animals such as horses, deer, rhinoceroses, all kinds of animals caught in hunting" and eaten by humans, he said.
"This gives us an idea of cannibalism as a type of gastronomy and not as a ritual."
The Atapuerca caves were first discovered in the late 19th Century when a tunnel was blasted through the mountain for a railway line.
The first excavations did not take place until 1978. Then in 1984, the team found 150 human remains.
In 1992 they found a complete, intact skeleton and two years later they discovered remains dating back more than 800,000 years.
Those remains probably correspond to the first humans who reached Europe, known as Homo antecessor, after the Latin word for pioneer or explorer.
Homo antecessor, who lived before Neanderthals and Homo Sapiens, probably came to the caves of Atapuerca after a long migration from Africa and through the Middle East, northern Italy and France.
The area at the time was heavily forested, with oaks, chestnut trees and junipers and abundant with bears, lynxes, panthers, foxes and hyenas.
They found water and food in abundance, could hunt wild boar, horses, deer, which means that they did not practice cannibalism through a lack of food.
Cannibalised remains were discovered on two levels, which showed it was not a one-off thing but continued through time.
"Another interesting aspect is that most of the 11 individuals that we have identified were children or adolescents," a spokesman for the team said.
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