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your brain never stops working. but it does cease talking to itself when you lose consciousness, a new study shows.
scientists have long wondered what the brain does and doesn't do during deep sleep. it remains active, they know. so what's the difference between consciousness and the lack of it?
when we're awake, different parts of the brain use chemicals and nerve cells to communicate constantly across the entire network, similar to the perpetual flow of data between all the different computers, routers and servers that make up the internet.
in the deepest part of sleep, however, the various nodes of your cranial internet all lose their connections. "the brain breaks down into little islands that can't talk to one another," said study leader giulio tononi of the university of wisconsin-madison.
tononi's team used a non-invasive procedure to activate select parts of the brain. subjects had electrodes attached to their heads to monitor how each stimulation triggered reactions elsewhere.
in the early morning, when subjects were dreaming, signals careened around the noggin similarly to when they were awake. but at night, during deeper sleep, the picture was much different. "during deep sleep early in the night," tononi said, "the response is short-lived and doesn't propagate at all."
consciousness has long mystified scientists. the new finding suggests that it depends on the brain's ability to integrate information, tononi says. the compartmentalization might also help the brain's synapses, which make all the connections that give us thought, to take a break, according to tononi's colleague, marcello massimini.
"this process would allow cortical circuits to eliminate noisy synapses and renormalize in order to be ready for the next day," massimini told livescience. the reduced activity might also help explain why performance in various tasks improves after sleep, he said.
the machine used to conduct the experiments is new. it generates a magnetic field to provide stimulation, and tononi's team expects this to be the first of many similar studies that will help researchers better understand the mind and specific disorders of the brain.
the study is detailed in the sept. 30 issue of the journal science.
my brain doesn't talk to itself when i'm awake either...damn...
:: anathema ::
yahoo
Video:
actor daniel craig has been unveiled as the new james bond.
the english star of gangster film layer cake arrived at a press conference in london by speedboat to be confirmed as the next 007. the announcement was widely predicted after craig's mother let slip yesterday that he had been chosen.
the 37-year-old actor will be the sixth james bond, taking over from pierce brosnan, 52, for the next bond movie.
production of casino royale is due to start in january and director martin campbell has said it will be "tougher, grittier and more realistic".
craig's first major role was in the bbc two drama our friends in the north in 1996 and he rose to prominence in hollywood alongside tom hanks in road to perdition in 2002.
he has since played poet ted hughes opposite gwyneth paltrow in sylvia and headlined layer cake. he is also to appear in steven spielberg's new drama munich.
asked earlier this year if he would take the role, craig replied: "well, the emotional level is not there and that's important for me.
"i'd want that to change but i don't know how ready they'd be to change."
casino royale will be an adaptation of author ian fleming's first james bond novel and will be directed by goldeneye film-maker martin campbell.
in the book, the spy was introduced as a more youthful and cold character than the films, and campbell has said the film will remain faithful to this.
screenwriter paul haggis has said bond will be reinvented as a younger character with no gadgets. brosnan, who appeared in four bond films, is now 52.
speculation over who will play 007 was rampant since the last bond movie, die another day, came out in 2002.
big names such as clive owen, ewan mcgregor, jude law and colin farrell were all named as possible contenders.
craig will follow in the footsteps of brosnan, sir sean connery, sir roger moore, george lazenby and timothy dalton.
bbc news
Video:
in 2005, some people wanted the word "brainstorming" replaced by "thought shower" so as not to offend people with brain disorders, and they also wanted "deferred success" to replace "failure" so as not to embarrass those who don't succeed.
both phrases appear on a tongue-in-cheek list released on thursday of the year's most politically correct words and phrases issued by global language monitor, a nonprofit group that monitors language use.
the phrase that topped this year's list was "misguided criminals," one of several terms the british broadcasting corporation used so as not to use the word "terrorist" in describing those who carried out train and bus bombings in london that killed 52 people in july, according to paul jj payack, the head of global language monitor.
he added, "the bbc attempts to strip away all emotion by using what it considers 'neutral' descriptions when describing those who carried out the bombings in the london tubes."
second on the list was "intrinsic aptitude," a phrase used by harvard university president lawrence summers to explain why women might be underrepresented in engineering and science. the phrase met with "deferred success" and summers had to fight to keep to his job.
"thought shower" was third and a french word for riff-raff or scum, "la racaille," was fourth thanks to being used by french interior minister nicholas sarkozy to describe rioters of muslim and north african descent in suburbs outside of paris.
"out of the mainstream," which payack said was used to describe the ideology of any political opponent, was fifth and in sixth place was "deferred success" the euphemism for "fail" that britain's professional association of teachers considered using to bolster students' "self-esteem." the move met with "deferred success."
seventh on the list was "womyn" for women in order to distance the word from men and eighth was using c.e. (common era) for a.d (latin for "year of our lord") so as to be more neutral in dates.
ninth on the top 10 list was words and phrases that either de-christianize the christian holidays or neuter their genders. for example "god rest ye merry persons" replaces "god rest ye merry gentlemen" and "seasons greetings" replaces "merry christmas."
in 10th place was a move aimed at the heart of australian culture when security staff were banned from using the word "mate" to address members of parliament. the mps rebelled and said not being called "mate" was unpatriotic.
reuters